Tuesday, 15 January 2013

Defendants' lawyers in the spotlight in Indian rape case

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - In a grubby room, one wall lined with legal tomes, a father and his son leaf through thick case files in preparation for the trial of their lives - defending the main accused in a gang-rape that outraged India and caused shock waves around the world.

The small New Delhi legal firm, with its headquarters in a cramped office above a local bank, has been thrust into the international spotlight after being appointed to represent bus driver Ram Singh.

Singh is accused of leading a gang that raped and severely injured a 23-year-old student in a moving Delhi bus, leading eventually to her death.

A local lawyers association said its members had agreed not to take up the case for the accused in view of the nature of the crime and the public outrage it has caused.

Vibhor Anand, a 24-year-old law student, saw things differently and convinced his father to seize the opportunity.

"It was my idea to go for the case," Anand said, leaning forward in his chair. It was important the defendants were represented, however terrible the crime, he said.

So V.K. Anand, 57, headed down to the pre-trial court in another part of town to offer his services. He was shouted down when he stood up in the tightly packed court room and announced his desire to defend the main accused. One woman lawyer prodded him hard in anger.

"They did not allow me to make an appearance in the court itself, they created such a problem for me, but ultimately I said it is the right of the accused person," he said.

Despite the public hostility to anyone defending the accused, in the end the Anands had competition for Singh's case, with an outspoken Supreme Court lawyer, M.L. Sharma also coming forward and seeking to represent him. Eventually, Sharma was hired by Singh's brother Mukesh, another of the accused.

Another lawyer is representing two other accused while it is not yet clear who exactly is representing the fifth man.

All of the accused are friends who, according to the police charge sheet against them, went out on a joy ride on December 16, looking for women.

The five have been charged with multiple offences including murder, attempt to murder, gang-rape, kidnapping, criminal conspiracy, dacoity and unnatural sexual offences. They face the death penalty, if convicted.

The five accused are due back in court on Monday where police will seek to extend their remand in custody. The court which is listening to pre-trial hearings is also expected to commit the case to a fast track which will then begin the trial. The fast track court is expected to reach a verdict within three months.

Charges against a sixth member of the group have not been brought while police complete an inquiry to confirm his age. He has said he is 17, and under Indian law, a juvenile court has to try anyone below 18.

According to the police chargesheet seen by Reuters the men lured the young woman and a male friend into the bus, offering a ride home, and then attacked the man first, before taking the woman to the rear of the bus and raping her by turns.

The men also assaulted the woman with iron rods and the pair were thrown off the bus, left on a highway, police said. Ram Singh, the driver of the bus led the assault on the woman, according to the police chargesheet.

LAWYER WANTS JUSTICE FOR ALL

Anand senior said while the crime was heinous, the defendants were entitled to a fair trial.

"Just as the victim must get justice, the accused should also get justice. You cannot hang a person just because the public wants them hanged," said the moustached and balding Anand as his son fielded calls from the world media.

Father and son seemed to be enjoying the attention, as they finished each other's sentences and seemed to speak almost as one voice during a conversation with Reuters.

Anand said he has been a defense lawyer in both criminal and civil cases for nearly three decades, and together with his son also ran a charity that offers free 24-hour legal advice.

They said they would base their defense on lapses in the police investigation, and discrepancies in witness statements.

"From the investigation stage, the accused are entitled to legal aid," Anand senior said. "The court is under obligation to provide legal aid counsel in case they have not engaged any lawyer.

"This is where they went wrong, no legal aid was assigned to those people themselves," he said.

RENOWNED FOR CHALLENGING AUTHORITIES

Sharma, the wiry lawyer for Mukesh Singh, the main accused's brother, said he had to virtually plead with the pre-trial court to allow him to speak to his client when he was brought before the court.

He was jostled, somebody shouted out he was a lawyer desperately seeking attention and that he should be thrown out of the room. But he said he was not going to give up, because his fight was not just about defending the accused, but also to expose the police and the criminal justice system.

"We all know how the police investigation system works in India. They will pick anyone from the street and make him the sacrificial lamb," the 56-year-old lawyer said in a conversation in the gardens of India's Supreme Court where he is a frequent litigant on public matters.

He said the police case was built on confessions from the men and that he found it strange that the statements of each of the five men given in the chargesheet were identical. "They are ditto the same. It's like somebody is dictating it."

He then charged that his client Mukesh told him he'd been sexually assaulted by inmates at Tihar jail since he was brought there from police custody, including with a rod.

Police have denied the allegation.

Sharma has had a history of taking on the higher judiciary. Among the cases he has argued is a public interest litigation inquiring into the assets of a former Supreme Court chief justice and another against a sitting chief justice of the top court, both of which were thrown out.

Not only was his case against the chief justice S.H.J. Kapadia arguing that there was a conflict of interest in a high-profile tax dispute involving Britain-based Vodaphone Group rejected, he was fined 50,000 rupees ($909) for wasting the time of the court.

A Supreme Court lawyer working on behalf of the government said Sharma was "notorious" for being an excessive litigant. Under Indian law any citizen can file a public interest litigation and the latest Sharma is fighting is one against a government decision to allow foreign direct investment in retail.

"My fight is against corruption whether in government or judiciary," said Sharma. "I can see the same thing happening in this case. There is public pressure, the politicians are pressing the police. The evidence will not be evaluated, innocent people will be fixed."

Lawyer A.P. Singh, who will argue the case for Vinay Sharma, a gym assistant, and Akshay Thakur, a bus cleaner, recalled that when he went to prison to meet his client, the accused begged him to save him.

"He caught hold of my feet. He started crying," Singh said.

$1=55.01 rupees

(Additional reporting by Suchitra Mohanty; Editing by Jeremy Laurence)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/defendants-lawyers-spotlight-indian-rape-case-111552630.html

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Quentin Tarantino Drops N-Word At Golden Globes

'Django Unchained' filmmaker shocks press backstage at Golden Globes by addressing his film's controversies head-on.
By Josh Wigler, with reporting by Josh Horowitz


Quentin Tarantino at the 2013 Golden Globes
Photo: Getty Images

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1700117/quentin-tarantino-golden-globes.jhtml

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Monday, 14 January 2013

Egypt orders retrial for Mubarak, bringing on further uncertainty

The reopening of a trial against former leader Hosni Mubarak will likely only exacerbate Egypt's instability.

By Marwa Awad and Maria Golovnina,?Reuters / January 14, 2013

A supporter of ousted former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak celebrates an appeal granted by a court, in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, Jan. 13, 2013.

Amr Nabil/AP

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Egypt ordered a retrial of deposed president Hosni Mubarak on Sunday after accepting an appeal against his life sentence, opening up an old wound in the painful transition from decades of authoritarian rule.

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Mubarak was ousted in 2011 after 30 years in power and jailed for life last year over the killing of protesters by security forces trying to quell a mass street revolt.

He was the first Arab ruler to be brought to court by his own people.

A Cairo court granted Mubarak and his former interior minister the appeal as Egypt prepares to mark the second anniversary of the uprising on Jan. 25.

The retrial is likely to stir emotions and could plunge the government of new President Mohamed Morsi into dangerous waters as he tries to restore law and order and a wrecked economy.

Egypt remains volatile as it prepares for a parliamentary election in the next few months. Anxiety over the economy is on the boil after protests, often violent, in late 2012 prompted citizens to snap up hard currency and take out savings.

During Mubarak's 10-month trial, many protesters accused the then ruling generals and officials seen as loyal to the ousted president of protecting him. A retrial may revive calls for a deeper purge of those viewed as holdovers from the old era.

"The court has ruled to accept the appeal filed by the defendants ... and orders a retrial," Judge Ahmed Ali Abdel Rahman said.

Crowds of Mubarak supporters attending the hearing shouted "God is greatest" and clapped and whistled as the judge read out the appeal ruling. Groups of joyful supporters were also spotted handing out sweets in central Cairo.

Mubarak's health and fate are debated intensely in Egypt as people try to turn a page on decades of his iron-fist rule and the political turmoil that followed his downfall.

During the original trial, the televised image of their once feared leader prostrate on a hospital gurney in the defendants' iron cage captivated the nation, drawing a line under his era. The retrial is certain to revive difficult memories.

"If Mubarak and his corrupt aides get lighter sentences this will reignite the revolution and there will be more bloodshed," Ahmed Abdel Ghaffour, an engineer in Cairo.

The judge did not clarify the legal basis for the retrial, nor did he say when the hearings were likely to start.

But Mohamed Abdel Razek, one of Mubarak's lawyers, said the retrial would be based on the same evidence used in the original trial and that it would take at least four months to set a date.

"No new evidence will be added to the case," he said, adding that there were countless flaws in the verdict. "(These) resulted in the unfair trial of our client."

After the original trial, many in Egypt were disappointed that Mubarak had not been explicitly convicted of ordering the killing of protesters as well as of what rights groups see as widespread abuses committed under his rule.

Instead, he was found guilty of being complicit in the killings. Around 850 protesters died in the uprising but some rights groups claim the figure is higher.

The opposition, a loose alliance of liberals, secularists, and Christians, is now gearing up for demonstrations to coincide with the second anniversary of the uprising on Jan. 25.

The retrial "takes everything and everyone back to square one," said Hassan Nafaa, a professor of political science. "The timing of the verdict is critical with the second anniversary of the revolution coming up on January 25th. Revolutionary youth and opposition will certainly mobilise on this day for justice."

More protests?

The price of the freedom brought by Mubarak's overthrow is a volatile new politics that often boils over into sporadic street violence.

Attackers threw petrol bombs at tents housing protesters outside the presidential palace in Cairo overnight, firing rubber bullets at security forces.

The exact state of Mubarak's health is not clear, though last year some media reported that he was close to death. He was moved from prison to a military hospital in late December after breaking ribs in a fall.

His legal team had pressed to have him moved to a better-equipped facility, saying he was not receiving proper treatment.

He will remain in custody as he faces new charges from the public funds prosecutor for receiving gifts worth millions of Egyptian pounds from Egypt's state newspaper, Al-Ahram.

Mubarak has not spoken publicly about the events that followed his downfall, saying almost nothing during the trial beyond confirming his presence and denying the charges.

The court also overturned non-guilty verdicts on Mubarak, his two sons and a former aide on corruption charges and ordered a retrial of six aides to former interior minister Habib al-Adli.

Abdel Razek, the lawyer, said the new panel of judges could consider Mubarak's health when issuing a verdict.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/KsNpZNf-0nc/Egypt-orders-retrial-for-Mubarak-bringing-on-further-uncertainty

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Sunday, 13 January 2013

St. Andrew's In Tangier: A Church With Muslim Art

Tangier
Being in Morocco, Tangier is a mostly Muslim city. Being a port, it's also a mixed city with a long history of Christian and Jewish influence. That interesting blend comes out in the language, music, art and cooking. You can see Tangier's mix of cultures everywhere.

Even in the churches.

The Church of St. Andrew is an Anglican congregation close to the Place du Grand Socco. The first thing you'll notice is the church tower shaped like the square, Moorish-style minarets so common in the mosques here. The only difference is the English flag flying from the top and the lack of a loudspeaker to broadcast the Muslim call to prayer.

Entering the churchyard, you'll find a shady oasis of trees, shrubs and a well-manicured garden. Cats lounge amid the headstones, which include several for the fallen from various Allied armies during World War II. This part of the property looks like a regular English churchyard except for the palm trees and lack of moss on the headstones. Go inside, however, and you'll see something quite different.

The interior has several Islamic touches. The doors have rounded arches and elaborate carvings. The carved and painted wood ceiling looks like something from a Moorish palace. The arch just before the altar is the most elaborate and looks like it came from a Muslim palace. Arabic calligraphy spells out the words "bismi-ll?hi r-ra?m?ni r-ra??m" (In the name of God, the most Gracious, the most Merciful), which is the first line of each Surah (chapter) of the Koran.

So how did a verse from the Koran end up decorating an Anglican church in a Muslim country? The story starts in 1880, when the Sultan, Hassan I, gave land to the British expat community in Tangier so they could build a church. One was built but soon proved too small for the growing Christian community and so the present church was built in 1894. It was consecrated in 1905.

The design includes Islamic styles as a way of recognizing the friendly relations between the UK and Morocco and to honor the memory of the Sultan's donation. The work was done by Moroccan craftsmen.

St. Andrew's is by no means unique. During the height of Islamic civilization during the Middle Ages, European art and architecture borrowed frequently from Muslim styles. European artists copied Islamic styles and even included Arabic calligraphy in Christian works of art. Check out the gallery for a couple of surprising examples.

Don't miss our other posts on Tangier! Coming up next: The Anatomy Of A Perfect Hotel!

[Photo by Sean McLachlan]

Filed under: Arts and Culture, History, Learning, Africa, Morocco, Middle East

Source: http://www.gadling.com/2013/01/11/st-andrews-in-tangier-a-church-with-muslim-art/

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Friday, 11 January 2013

Law.com - Legal Blog Watch

Friday's Three Burning Legal Questions

Here are today's?three burning legal questions, along with the answers provided by the blogosphere.

1. Question:?I am a supervisor in a government agency. One of my employees suffers from REALLY bad flatulence. Can I issue him an official reprimand for?creating an "intolerable" and "hostile" environment for coworkers, and for "conduct unbecoming a federal officer"?: I have a detailed log of the dates and times when he released the "awful and unpleasant odor."

Answer:?No. (The Smoking Gun,?Feds Withdraw Reprimand Dealt To Gassy Worker)

2. Question:?I'm running late and stuck in traffic. I'm driving alone but I have some corporate papers sitting in my passenger seat. Can I use the carpool lane since a corporation is, in the eyes of the law, a "person"?

Answer:?A corporation is not a person in the eyes of "carpool law," so no. (Lowering the Bar,?UPDATE: No, You Can't Carpool With a Corporation)

3. Question:?I am a lawyer and I need a "Bride Kidnapping Expert" for our trial. I'm out of luck, aren't I?

Answer:?No, you're all set! (The Sun, From MILF commander to porn historian - meet the men and women with the world's weirdest job titles)

Posted by Bruce Carton on January 11, 2013 at 04:51 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

?

Source: http://legalblogwatch.typepad.com/legal_blog_watch/2013/01/fridays-three-burning-legal-questions-1.html

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Destiny's Child to reunite, release new music

Lucy Nicholson / AFP-Getty Images file

Back in the day ... Destiny's Child, from left, Kelly Rowland, Beyonce and Michelle Williams, at the 28th Annual American Music Awards on Jan. 8, 2001.

By Courtney Hazlett, NBC News

Destiny's Child fans have a new reason to say their name: the group, comprised of Beyonce, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, is reuniting for the first time since splitting up in 2005. "We are so proud to announce the first original Destiny's Child music in eight years!" the group announced on their Facebook?page Thursday.

On Jan. 29, they'll release "Love Songs," a collection comprised "mainly of romantic gems recorded between 1997 and 2004," according to their website. On the album will also be a brand new track, "Nuclear," the first new recording since 2004.

Now that there's music on the horizon, the next logical question is WHEN WILL THEY PERFORM. There's no official word yet, but the rumor du jour is that Beyonce's Superbowl performance might be a great opportunity. According to Rolling Stone, Beyonce will open the show, then she'll be joined by Williams and Rowland to singe a Destiny's Child medley and their new song, then Beyonce would close the show. Naturally, no one within the Destiny's Child camp has any comment on this. Stay tuned.

More music news:

Source: http://entertainment.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/11/16467450-destinys-child-to-reunite-release-new-music?lite

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College Basketball: Oregon defeats No. 4 Arizona

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EUGENE, Ore. (AP) ? E.J. Singler scored 14 points and Oregon overcame a slow start to beat No. 4 Arizona 70-66 on Thursday night, handing the Wildcats their first loss of the season.

Dominic Artis, Carlos Emory and Tony Woods had 10 points apiece for the Ducks (13-2, 2-0 Pac-12), who have won 17 straight home games, including all 11 this season.

Mark Lyons scored 21 and Solomon Hill added 16 points to lead the Wildcats (14-1, 2-1), who entered as one of three undefeated teams in the country.

It appeared they were going to stay that way when the Wildcats jumped out to an 11-0 lead. But it was all Oregon from there, as the Ducks outscored Arizona 41-19 the rest of the first half to lead 41-30 at the break.

Arizona trimmed its deficit to 48-42 early in the second half but got no closer until Lyons hit a 3-pointer with 1:18 to play that made it 67-63.

A 3-pointer by Arizona?s Nick Johnson with 50 seconds remaining made it 69-66, but Johnathan Loyd hit a free throw with 9.2 seconds left to seal the Ducks? second win against a ranked team this season. They beat No. 24 UNLV in November.

No. 22 MICHIGAN STATE 62, IOWA 59

IOWA CITY, Iowa (AP) ? Branden Dawson scored a career-high 17 points, including a late steal and tiebreaking dunk that helped Michigan State beat Iowa.

Gary Harris had 14 points for the Spartans (13-3, 2-1 Big Ten), who hung on late for their eighth win in nine games.

Dawson ripped the ball away from Iowa freshman Mike Gesell and gave Michigan State a 58-56 lead with 49 seconds left.

Anthony Clemmons missed a free throw that would have tied it with 12 seconds to go and airballed a 3-pointer at the buzzer as Iowa (11-5, 0-3) lost its third straight.

The Hawkeyes played without leading scorer Devyn Marble, who sprained his ankle in practice this week.

Zach McCabe led Iowa with 15 points and fellow reserve Melsahn Basabe added 14.

Source: http://www.dailytribune.com/article/20130111/SPORTS02/130119903/college-basketball-oregon-defeats-no-4-arizona%22%3E

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Thursday, 10 January 2013

The FBI Is Now Investigating the Steubenville Backlash

It's probably fair to say that things have gotten a little out of hand in Steubenville, Ohio, where two high school football players are accused of raping a 16-year-old while she was drunk. If you've read anything about the investigation and court case that's now unfolding you'll know that what started out as a suspicious sexual assault has turned into a national outrage, and local authorities are dealing with some pretty serious backlash that includes death threats being made against their families. On Wednesday night, CBS News reported that the FBI had opened an investigation into such threats on local sheriff Fred Abdalla's family and a suspected computer virus that targeted the Steubenville police chief. It's unclear who the suspects might be, and the FBI isn't commenting on the probe.

RELATED: Why Nobody Trusts Steubenville

In a way, this new FBI investigation is a bit of a relief. The small football-crazed town of Steubenville has been obviously overwhelmed since scrutiny from Anonymous has been helping to elevate the rape investigation to viral status on the web. The firestorm of attention came to a head last weekend when 1,300 protesters descended on the town's city hall for an event dubbed Occupy Steubenville. Sheriff Abdalla even made an appearance, after having said on the radio that he was "coming after" Anonymous. (Since Anonymous doesn't take too well to threats, this might've had something to do with the death threats that he received over email and social media in the days after the rally.) Then, on Tuesday, police reported "some type of shooting threat" being made on social media prompting a lockdown on all local schools that lasted nearly two hours.

RELATED: Occupy Steubenville: Anonymous vs. the Sheriff

So you could say things have been tense. The more we learn about Steubenville and its long history of corrupt leadership, though, the more we can understand how this rape case pushed people over the edge. As recently as 1997, the Justice Department found the city's police department to have "have engaged in a pattern or practice of conduct that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or immunities secured and protected by the Constitution and the laws of the United States." And close ties between Abdalla and the Steubenville High football coach?Reno Saccoccia -- think Coach Taylor from?Friday Night Lights,?only more sinister -- have led many, especially those in Anonymous, to believe that the corruption never went away.

RELATED: Inside the Search for the Truth About Steubenville ? 1,000 Tips at a Time

Who knows what the Feds will find when they take a closer look at the threats being hurled at Steubenville law enforcement. They might even find out something about the things the local cops are doing to attract such hatred. Then again, they might just be in the mood to arrest some more Anonymous members.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fbi-now-investigating-steubenville-backlash-034929764.html

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Wednesday, 9 January 2013

World stocks rise as Alcoa sees stronger demand

BANGKOK (AP) ? World stock markets rose Wednesday after the fourth-quarter earnings season got off to a positive start in the U.S. with aluminum giant Alcoa forecasting higher demand for 2013.

Demand for aluminum has been hurt by the weak global economy, but Alcoa predicted a 7 percent increase in demand this year, slightly better than the 6 percent increase in 2012. Because Alcoa makes aluminum for so many key industries, investors study its results for clues about the health and direction of the overall economy.

"Regional markets are mostly firmer after the Alcoa result set the tone early in Asia," said Stan Shamu of IG Markets in Melbourne in a market commentary. "Alcoa's results are generally considered a bellwether for the global economy and the fact that the aluminum giant forecasts higher demand in 2013 appeased investors."

European stocks rose in early trading. Britain's FTSE 100 rose 0.4 percent to 6,075.35. Germany's DAX added 0.3 percent to 7,720.34. France's CAC-40 rose 0.4 percent to 3,721.74.

Wall Street appeared headed for gains, with Dow Jones industrial futures up 0.2 percent at 13,291 and S&P 500 futures rising 0.2 percent to 1,454.70.

In Asia, Hong Kong's Hang Seng advanced 0.5 percent to 23,218.47 after a downturn in the prior session, with sentiment helped by gains in mainland Chinese shares.

"Stability in China is helping. We are taking a lot of cues from China-Asia," said Jackson Wong, vice president of Tanrich Securities in Hong Kong.

Japan's Nikkei 225 index opened lower on a strengthening yen but reversed course as the currency slipped against the dollar. The benchmark in Tokyo gained 0.7 percent to close at 10,578.57.

Australia's S&P/ASX 200 added 0.4 percent to 4,708.10. South Korea's Kopsi was 0.3 percent lower at 1,991.20. Benchmarks in Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and the Philippines rose. Indonesia and Malaysia fell. Mainland Chinese stocks were mixed.

Analysts at Capital Economics said in a market commentary that "2013 has begun with more optimism about prospects for the global economy."

Among individual stocks, shares of Australian company Alumina Ltd., a joint venture partner of Alcoa, jumped 4.6 percent. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. rose 5 percent in Tokyo. Hong Kong-listed China Railway Group rose 5.1 percent.

Major indexes surged last week after U.S. lawmakers passed a bill to avoid a combination of government spending cuts and tax increases that have come to be known as the fiscal cliff. The deal, however, remains incomplete, and trading has been cautious since then. Politicians will face another deadline in two months to agree on more spending cuts.

U.S. stocks closed lower Tuesday, before Alcoa's earnings report was released.

Benchmark crude for February delivery was down 16 cents to $92.98 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract fell 4 cents to close at $93.15 per barrel on the Nymex on Tuesday.

In currencies, the euro rose slightly to $1.3085 from $1.3084 Tuesday in New York. The dollar rose to 87.62 yen from 87.19 yen.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/world-stocks-rise-alcoa-sees-stronger-demand-083450373--finance.html

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Monday, 7 January 2013

Josh Brolin: Arrested for Public Intoxication on New Year's Day

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/01/josh-brolin-arrested-for-public-intoxication-on-new-years-day%60/

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Bulgarians celebrate Epiphany with an icy dip

SOFIA, Bulgaria (AP) ? Thousands of young men are plunging into icy rivers and lakes across Bulgaria to retrieve crucifixes cast by priests in an old ritual marking the feast of Epiphany.

By tradition, a wooden cross is cast into the water and it is believed that the person who retrieves it will be freed from evil spirits.

In the central city of Kalofer, 350 men in traditional dress waded into the icy Tundzha River with national flags. Led by the town's mayor and encouraged by a folk orchestra and homemade plum brandy, they dance and stomp the rocky riverbed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bulgarians-celebrate-epiphany-icy-dip-095152004.html

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Nvidia announces Project Shield handheld gaming system with 5 ...

Nvidia has just unveiled a new handheld gaming system called Project Shield. Project Shield is powered by the Tegra 4 processor and can play console-quality games while still providing a mobile experience. The processor is capable of pushing 4K resolution video over HDMI to external displays. It includes advanced sound processing that Nvidia says rivals Beats Audio-equipped laptops, and a 33Wh battery that provides five to ten hours of play time or 24 hours of HD video playback. It features a 5-inch, 720p Retinal multitouch display with 294ppi pixel density, and has a slot for micro-SD card expansion. The Shield runs Android ? pure Android without a skin, as Nvidia insists ? and includes Google's apps for Gmail and the Play Store.

It should look familiar to anyone who has held an Xbox 360 controller

In addition to supporting all of the games available to Android devices and the games in the Tegra Zone, the Shield also has the ability to stream games from a home Windows PC equipped with a GeForce GTX 650 (or higher) graphics card to the handheld device over Wi-Fi, letting users access their library of PC games, including games in the Steam library, anywhere in their home. It access the games on the home PC and run them virtually on the Shield. In the future, Nvidia says that it will add support to stream content from the Shield to a television wirelessly, so you can watch video and play games on your TV display without being tethered by wires. Of course, with support for the standard Android platform, the Shield also has access to the hundreds of thousands of apps that are available in the Google Play Store.

Hardware-wise, the Shield has a clamshell design with a gaming controller attached below the device's display. The controller has dual control sticks, a D-pad, and multiple action buttons ? it should look familiar to anyone who has held an Xbox 360 controller.

Unfortunately, Nvidia did not announce a price for Project Shield, but it says that it will be coming to the US and Canada in the second quarter of this year. Either way, it seems that things just got a bit more interesting for both the mobile gaming space and the Android gaming world.

Source: http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/7/3845282/nvidia-announces-project-shield-handheld-gaming-system

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Sunday, 6 January 2013

Prep wrestling: Colts, North Murray done in 2-3A, but 4A schools still ...

CHATSWORTH ? Both North Murray and Coahulla Creek knew wins would be tough to come by at the Area 2-3A duals.

Turns out, the best shot for either to get a win Friday was to face each other ? and because North Murray was unable to follow up its win against the Colts with another victory, the postseason competition will go on today at North Murray without any local teams participating.

The Mountaineers beat the Colts 49-13 after both teams lost in the opening round at the double-elimination event.

Coahulla Creek started its day with a 55-12 loss to Adairsville. North Murray lost 67-12 to Rockmart in the opening round, and the Mountaineers? run in the losers? bracket ended with a 39-36 loss to Carver-Columbus after North Murray had to forfeit its final match.

?You might look at it that we were 1-2 today, but I am happy,? North Murray coach Steve Colley said. ?I think we did a good job of fighting and wrestling hard.?

After the first night of action, Sonoraville, Adairsville, Rockmart and Ringgold advanced to today?s meetings without a loss.

Sonoraville beat Central-Carrollton 45-21 and will face Adairsville, which beat Coahulla Creek and then topped Cartersville 36-35 after a Purple Hurricanes wrestler was penalized a team point for taking down a strap of his singlet while still on the mat early in the dual.

In the other battle of unbeatens today, Rockmart ? a 67-12 winner over North Murray ? will take on Ringgold, which beat Carver 45-30. Cartersville and Carver await the losers of those matches. Today?s action at North Murray begins at 10 a.m.

It was a forgettable day for the Colts, who don?t have a complete lineup and have struggled in duals all season. They followed the same script Friday.

Against Cartersville in the opener, the only Coahulla win came from Alan Caro, who recorded a pin at 160 pounds. All other points came on forfeits. Three of the Coahulla Creek wrestlers on the pre-event sheet weren?t there, and the Colts had to forfeit several classes as well.

For North Murray, the continuing storyline all season has been the team?s susceptibility to injury. Coming into the event, Colley hoped no more injuries would hamper his team as it prepares for the area traditional tournament later this season. Unfortunately, 145-pounder Juan Salaises was the latest to be hurt ? he was held out after suffering a shoulder injury in a win against Coahulla Creek?s Jose Quintero.

?It is like it is two seasons in wrestling,? Colley said. ?They know that we are trying to get ready for traditionals, and it is like our kids are scared to get hurt at this point. It seems like every time we are on the mat another one drops. I have never seen anything like it.?

Against Carver, the Mountaineers had to wrestle several wrestlers up in weight just to fill classes. Still, despite throwing many younger wrestlers into the fire, Colley?s team almost stayed alive.

Sophomore 285-pounder Brandon Adame, who returned to the states on Friday after attending his grandfather?s funeral in Mexico, had a pin to even the match at 6-6 before Carver seemed to take control. Carver led 24-12 before pins by Jacob McKee (152), Daniel Gonzalez (160) and Ethan Center (170) gave North Murray a 36-27 lead.

But Carver was able to get a pin at 182, and North Murray had to forfeit at 195 to give the Tigers 12 key points and the victory.

?I am throwing third-stringers out there wrestling up in class, and they are winning, so I was tickled,? Colley said. ?We have a good group of young wrestlers. They key is just to keep them all together. We only have one senior this year, but when his class was freshmen, we had nine. We just want to keep them all together as they get better.?

? All three local teams competing in the Area 7-4A duals at Cedartown High are still alive and will help start the action when the event resumes this morning with eight teams in contention for two spots at state.

Southeast Whitfield (18-11) won its only dual and advanced to the winners? bracket semifinals, where it will face Gilmer at 10 a.m.

The Raiders beat Cass 49-29 behind five pins. Lester Paucay (152 pounds), Tanner Acosta (160), Austin Allen (170), Andrew Miranda (182), Carlos Fraire (220), Jose Martir (285), Omar Ruiz (113), Jesus Dominguez (120) and Aaron Thomas (126) each won for Southeast. Acosta, Allen, Fraire, Martir and Dominguez won by pin, and Thomas also earned six points in a victory by injury default.

Dalton (15-12) won 51-30 against River Ridge in the first round, lost 59-21 to LaFayette, then beat Pickens 60-10 in the losers? bracket.

Dylan Carlile (126) had three pins for the Catamounts, while Sidney Wheeler (182), Werner Braun (195) and Larry Fernandez (220) each went 3-0. Jose Garcia (138) went 2-1, with his two wins by pin, and Chris Hicks (285) also went 2-1.

The Cats continue today at 11:30 a.m. against Northwest Whitfield, which beat Pickens 48-18 in its first dual and then lost 61-18 to Heritage-Catoosa to drop to the consolation bracket. The Bruins won 58-18 against River Ridge to advance to face the Cats.

Blake Hayes (106), Alex Reynolds (145) and Dalton Ayers (152) each won three matches for the Bruins, while A.J. Orozco (182) and Victor Lopez (220) each went 2-1.

? Murray County was eliminated on the first day of the Area 3-2A duals at Lovett School in Atlanta.

The Indians (12-8) lost 38-25 to Model in the first round, beat Chattooga 48-33 in a losers? bracket dual, then lost 42-25 to Westminster.

Kevin Chavez (170) and Clay Thornbury (182) each went 3-0, while Domingo Bautista (113/120), Wilson Reynoso (138), Willy Amador (195) and Allen Roberts (285) each went 2-1.

Source: http://daltondailycitizen.com/sports/x964865419/Prep-wrestling-Colts-North-Murray-done-in-2-3A-but-4A-schools-still-alive

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How To Choose The Real Estate Property For Your ... - Maynas Eric

There are many reasons why you should consider investing in commercial real estate. However, all of those motivations should be your choice based on your existing knowledge. You can make a lot from commercial real estate by learning more about it. The following article will provide you with crucial commercial real estate information.

Add a blog to your website to help you create an image as an expert in the field. You will be able to find a buyer for your property or someone who will lease spaces.

Less Affluent

TIP! Keep your center of attention on one investment property at a time. Keep your focus on one certain type of property, whether it?s land, retail, apartments or offices.

Consider the surrounding area when you buy a piece of commercial real estate. If you buy property in a very affluent area, your business will likely be successful, because your clientele will be better able to afford what you are selling. You might want to buy a property in a less affluent neighborhood if you are selling products or services that less affluent people would find attractive.

Understand how the firm you?re looking to work with conducts its business and measures results. Ask how the space needed is determined as well as the criteria they look for and their negotiation methods. Knowing these things before signing with them can be very helpful.

Take photos with a digital camera. Include all the defects in the photo, such as carpet stains, or holes in the walls.

TIP! An essential fundamental of commercial property is location, location, location. Think over the community a property is located in.

Try to keep your commercial property rentals at full occupancy. You are legally responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of unoccupied spaces. If you have several properties open, you should ask yourself why, and attempt to correct the issues that may be driving out your tenants.

Before you enter into any negotiations for a lease on commercial real estate, attempt to decrease anything that may be thought of as a default event. The tenant will then be less likely to violate these terms. Once a default happens, you?ll be in big trouble!

It is easy to get emotional when you are venturing into the commercial real estate market, but is is very important to stay patient and remain calm. Never rush into an investment. You might find out that the property is not what you needed after all. Stay patient; it could take a year or more for the perfect property to materialize.

TIP! There are substantial differences between residential and commercial loans, one being that commercial loans require a larger down payment relative to the property?s value. The most commonsense way to obtain commercial financing is by checking out different lending agencies and by asking around regarding the best types of investments.

Interest Rates

Distinct among the individual risks of those who invest in commercial real estate is fluctuation in interest rates. As interest rates move up and down unpredictably, investors leave themselves open to the chance that the rates may suddenly rise dramatically. Interest rate fluctuations should be taken into account when evaluating your long-term goals and profits.

Make sure to find your lender before making an offer on any commercial property. Get plenty of references to lenders from experienced investors or friends who have invested in real estate before. Research and prepare for the purchase process by finding the best lender for your needs, before even selecting a property. Making arrangements in advance can pre-qualify you for loans or otherwise expedite the loan process.

TIP! Even though you may be running a business and ultimately need to secure profits, it?s important that you don?t embellish prices in an attempt to get an extra dollar. Many things alter the value of your property.

It is possible to spend less money cleaning up environmental hazards on commercial property. You are only potentially responsible for paying for cleanup if you held an ownership interest in a property. Cleaning up your property and disposing of the waste can be quite costly. Consult an environmental assessment company to get a clear idea of what problems must be addressed. These reports may initially cost quite a bit; however, they can protect your investment in the long run.

Think larger when you?re thinking about two commercial properties that are viable. The difficulty in securing financing doesn?t increase linearly with the size of the building you are buying. Generally, it?s like buying in bulk. As the number of units purchased goes up, the cost per until will go down.

Commercial Real

TIP! If you want to learn a lot about real estate, check out several websites that offer a lot of information to both experienced and new real estate investors. You can never have too much knowledge.

As mentioned previously, numerous reasons abound for why you should invest with commercial real estate; however, each does require that you gain some extra familiarity with the subject. By using the advice in this article, you may find great success in commercial real estate.

Source: http://www.maynaseric.com/how-to-choose-the-real-estate-property-for-your-business-5

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GOP senators hint Hagel?s in for tough confirmation fight

Hagel (Junko Kimura/Getty Images)

Several Republican senators voiced their concerns on Sunday about President Obama's expected nomination of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel for defense secretary over past statements the former Nebraska lawmaker made about Israel and gay rights--hinting Hagel's confirmation would not come without a fight.

On CNN's "State of the Union," South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham called Hagel an "in your face" choice by the president.

?Chuck Hagel, if confirmed to be the secretary of defense, would be the most antagonistic secretary of defense toward the state of Israel in our nation?s history," Graham said. ?Not only has he said you should directly negotiate with Iran, sanctions won?t work, that Israel should directly negotiate with the Hamas organization, a terrorist group that lobs thousands of rockets into Israel. He also was one of 12 senators who refused to sign a letter to the European Union that Hezbollah should be designated as a terrorist organization.

"This is an in-your-face nomination by the president," Graham continued. "And it looks like the second term of Barack Obama is going to be an in-your-face term."

Hagel's nomination for the post is expected to be announced by the White House on Monday, according to Politico.

On "Fox News Sunday," Texas Sen. Ted Cruz said the reported choice of Hagel proves Obama was emboldened by his victory in November. "This is a president who has drunk the tea," Cruz said. "He's high on reelection right now."

On ABC's "This Week," Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said he'd "wait and see how the hearings go," and see "whether Chuck's views square with the job he would be nominated to do."

"Whoever's nominated for secretary of defense is going to have to have a full understanding of our close relationship with our Israeli allies, the Iranian threat and the importance of having a robust military," McConnell said. "So whoever that is, I think, will be given a thorough vetting. And if Senator Hagel's nominated, he'll be subjected to the same kinds of review of his credentials as anyone else.

McConnell added: "He's certainly been outspoken in foreign policy and defense over the years. The question we will be answering, if he's the nominee, is 'Do his views make sense for that particular job?'"

In 2006, Hagel said that "the Jewish lobby intimidates a lot of people? in Washington, angering both its members and supporters.

In 1998, Hagel called U.S. Ambassador James C. Hormel ?aggressively gay? after his appointment by President Bill Clinton. "[American ambassadors] are representing our lifestyle, our values, our standards," Hagel said. "And I think it is an inhibiting factor to be gay."

Last month, Hagel apologized. ?My comments 14 years ago in 1998 were insensitive," he said in a statement. "They do not reflect my views or the totality of my public record, and I apologize to Ambassador Hormel and any LGBT Americans who may question my commitment to their civil rights."

Last week on "Meet The Press," President Obama dismissed concerns about Hagel's past.

"I know him. He is a patriot," the president said. "He is somebody who has done extraordinary work both in the United States Senate, somebody who served this country with valor in Vietnam. And is somebody who?s currently serving on my intelligence advisory board and doing an outstanding job."

"With respect to the [gay] comment," Obama added, "he apologized for it. And I think it?s a testimony to what has been a positive change over the last decade in terms of people?s attitudes about gays and lesbians serving our country.?

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/hagel-defense-secretary-face-202509981--politics.html

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Saturday, 5 January 2013

Cloudy crystal ball? - Winnipeg Free Press

Brenda hopes to retire early and spend more time with the couple's young child.

RUTH BONNEVILLE / WINNIPEG FREE PRESS Enlarge Image

Brenda hopes to retire early and spend more time with the couple's young child.

Brenda has her finances intricately planned for when she retires in five years.

And she's only in her mid-30s.

A professor, the mother of a young child wants to stop working full time to savour life a little.

"I don't think retire is the right word. The way I see it is I've worked really hard for more than 20 years and I feel like at that point I'd rather have time with my child than work more," she says, adding she and her husband are considering having another child.

Her husband, Paul, will continue to work, and their goal is to save enough in the next five years while paying down their mortgage as much as they can.

Although Paul -- who works for the province -- can expect an increase in pay over the next decade, his $60,000-plus annual gross income will fall far short of their current combined income of about $190,000.

Brenda earns about $130,000 a year, and their current take-home pay is more than $9,600 a month.

Brenda says she's run the numbers, and despite the sizable drop-off in income, they should be able to live off her husband's income and withdrawals from her RRSPs when she retires.

"What I've come up with is a five-year, very aggressive savings plan and we'd be able to draw on that pool of money to fund the shortfall after I stop working," she says, adding she'd take the commuted value of her work pension and invest it for the long term to use when Paul, also in his mid-30s, retires in 20-plus years.

One concern for her, however, is their investments. Their mutual funds have been consistently underperforming since 2007, and they fear losing capital in the future -- money they need to reach their goal. But the alternative -- GICs -- seem ill-equipped to provide them with enough of a return to grow their savings for early retirement, she says.

Still, Brenda says she's confident her plan will work, even if her husband is less convinced.

"I think it works, but my husband is a little bit skeptical, because my plan doesn't factor in inflation and interest-rate hikes," she says. "What we're hoping for is a second opinion on whether it's a feasible plan."

The fact Brenda and Paul have done so much planning, including forecasting their future income needs as well as how much they need to save to meet those goals, bodes well for their success, says Karen Diamond, a certified financial planner.

"Moreover, they seem to have the discipline they need to carry out the plan," says the adviser with Diamond Retirement Services in Winnipeg.

Still, Diamond says she has some concerns about their ability to reach their goal. On the surface, they appear to have their numbers shored up, but even Brenda admits they have never tracked their expenses closely.

"If they did that, they might find that the actual expenditures on variable items such as food, clothing, personal care and entertainment are very different from their estimates," she says.

Even without firm spending numbers, Diamond is concerned about their ability to live on less income because all their income seems to be accounted for in their budget. They presently earn $116,000 a year after taxes and deductions, and they spend about the same amount, including RRSP contributions.

Having no child care, parking and other expenses related to Brenda working full time will certainly reduce their expenses, but Brenda's current salary represents such a large portion of their income they have little margin for error.

"Their master plan seems to rely on Paul receiving salary increases of six per cent year-over-year for the next 20 years," Diamond says. "Is this realistic? If that does not happen, what is Plan B?"

Furthermore, their income will likely be reduced if they have another child and either one of them takes substantial time off on parental leave.

Diamond also says Brenda's retirement savings for the long term may not be enough to meet her needs. Brenda expects the commuted value of her pension when she retires to be about $250,000 -- based on her income and annualized growth of five per cent.

"Twenty-five years down the road, the value would be more than $500,000 at the same modest rate of return over that time," Diamond says. That's about $336,000 in today's dollars based on only two per cent inflation.

Another concern for her will be CPP. Although Brenda will not be penalized for reduced earnings while the kids are under age seven because of the 'drop-out provision' under CPP rules, she may not receive the maximum CPP benefit because of the length of time she expects to remain outside the workforce. These factors, however, do not make her plan untenable.

Still, Diamond says they should take more steps to shore up their plan. One option would be to choose a home equity line of credit-style mortgage -- such as the Manulife One plan -- when they renew their mortgage this year.

"This may be a little more expensive, but they would have the flexibility to pay down the principal, or to not pay it down, as long as they make the interest payment each month," she says. "They can put all their excess cash against the balance knowing they can withdraw it again if they need to, which may come in handy if their plan doesn't unfold as expected."

This may be a better strategy than their current plan, which calls for using their tax-free savings accounts, investing in high-interest savings and GICs, and then using those savings to pay off the balance of the mortgage when Brenda retires.

Diamond would prefer to see them use their TFSAs for long-term goals such as retirement. Furthermore, GICs earn so little over the short term they wouldn't save much in taxes on interest in these tax-sheltered accounts.

"A conservative, diversified income fund might be a better option for them for TFSAs to enhance returns, one which includes a number of yield-generating securities," she says.

And if they do choose a mutual fund, they need to pick one with no-load fees. That way, if they redeem their investment in the next few years, they won't end up paying penalties for early withdrawal.

Other elements of Brenda's plan, however, do make a lot of sense, including using her RRSPs to supplement family income. She's earning money now at the highest marginal rate, but when retired, she can withdraw RRSP money, which will be taxed at a much lower rate since she'll be earning much less income -- if any at all. One note of caution: Brenda will lose RRSP-contribution room if she returns to work.

Still, Diamond says Brenda and Paul can make their plan work, but they will need to review and revise it often as conditions change.

And they certainly need to look at reducing their costs over the next five years so they don't experience a budget-shortfall shock when she retires.

"Their projections are a very good start on their long-term plan, but they need to also plan for contingencies in case things don't unfold as expected."

giganticsmile@gmail.com

Brenda's and Paul's finances

INCOME (MONTHLY TAKE-HOME):

Brenda: $133,130 ($6,506)

Paul: $60,712 ($3,153)

Total: $9,659

?? MONTHLY EXPENSES:

$9,261 (excludes annual RRSP contribution)

DEBTS:

Mortgage: $254,300 owing at 2.15 per cent variable

Car loan: $4,767 at zero per cent interest

ASSETS:

Home: $437,000

Brenda RRSP: $41,540

Brenda work pension: $79,743 (estimated value)

Brenda TFSA: $20,746

Paul RRSP: $10,832

Work pension: unavailable (recently started new job)

Paul LIRA: $6,554

Paul TFSA: $20,746

Joint savings: $29,127

NET WORTH: $394,443

Source: http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/finance/cloudy-crystal-ball-185737312.html

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"Cliff" concerns give way to earnings focus

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Investors' "fiscal cliff" worries are likely to give way to more fundamental concerns, like earnings, as fourth-quarter reports get under way next week.

Financial results, which begin after the market closes on Tuesday with aluminum company Alcoa , are expected to be only slightly better than the third-quarter's lackluster results. As a warning sign, analyst current estimates are down sharply from what they were in October.

That could set stocks up for more volatility following a week of sharp gains that put the Standard & Poor's 500 index <.spx> on Friday at the highest close since December 31, 2007. The index also registered its biggest weekly percentage gain in more than a year.

Based on a Reuters analysis, Europe ranks among the chief concerns cited by companies that warned on fourth-quarter results. Uncertainty about the region and its weak economic outlook were cited by more than half of the 25 largest S&P 500 companies that issued warnings.

In the most recent earnings conference calls, macroeconomic worries were cited by 10 companies while the U.S. "fiscal cliff" was cited by at least nine as reasons for their earnings warnings.

"The number of things that could go wrong isn't so high, but the magnitude of how wrong they could go is what's worrisome," said Kurt Winters, senior portfolio manager for Whitebox Mutual Funds in Minneapolis.

Negative-to-positive guidance by S&P 500 companies for the fourth quarter was 3.6 to 1, the second worst since the third quarter of 2001, according to Thomson Reuters data.

U.S. lawmakers narrowly averted the "fiscal cliff" by coming to a last-minute agreement on a bill to avoid steep tax hikes this weeks -- driving the rally in stocks -- but the battle over further spending cuts is expected to resume in two months.

Investors also have seen a revival of worries about Europe's sovereign debt problems, with Moody's in November downgrading France's credit rating and debt crises looming for Spain and other countries.

"You have a recession in Europe as a base case. Europe is still the biggest trading partner with a lot of U.S. companies, and it's still a big chunk of global capital spending," said Adam Parker, chief U.S. equity strategist at Morgan Stanley in New York.

Among companies citing worries about Europe was eBay , whose chief financial officer, Bob Swan, spoke of "macro pressures from Europe" in the company's October earnings conference call.

REVENUE WORRIES

One of the biggest worries voiced about earnings has been whether companies will be able to continue to boost profit growth despite relatively weak revenue growth.

S&P 500 revenue fell 0.8 percent in the third quarter for the first decline since the third quarter of 2009, Thomson Reuters data showed. Earnings growth for the quarter was a paltry 0.1 percent after briefly dipping into negative territory.

On top of that, just 40 percent of S&P 500 companies beat revenue expectations in the third quarter, while 64.2 percent beat earnings estimates, the Thomson Reuters data showed.

For the fourth quarter, estimates are slightly better but are well off estimates for the quarter from just a few months earlier. S&P 500 earnings are expected to have risen 2.8 percent while revenue is expected to have gone up 1.9 percent.

Back in October, earnings growth for the fourth quarter was forecast up 9.9 percent.

In spite of the cautious outlooks, some analysts still see a good chance for earnings beats this reporting period.

"The thinking is you need top line growth for earnings to continue to expand, and we've seen the market defy that," said Mike Jackson, founder of Denver-based investment firm T3 Equity Labs.

Based on his analysis, energy, industrials and consumer discretionary are the S&P sectors most likely to beat earnings expectations in the upcoming season, while consumer staples, materials and utilities are the least likely to beat, Jackson said.

Sounding a positive note on Friday, drugmaker Eli Lilly and Co said it expects profit in 2013 to increase by more than Wall Street had been forecasting, primarily due to cost controls and improved productivity.

(Reporting By Caroline Valetkevitch; Editing by Kenneth Barry)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/wall-street-week-ahead-cliff-concerns-way-earnings-102236899--sector.html

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Jessica Simpson's Daring Dinner Wear In Hawaii (PHOTO)

celebritybabies.people.com:

Blonde bombshell!

An expectant Jessica Simpson?shows off her assets?as she leaves a restaurant Thursday evening in Oahu, Hawaii, where she?s currently vacationing with her fianc??Eric Johnson?and their 8-month-old daughter Maxwell Drew.

Read the whole story at celebritybabies.people.com

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/05/jessica-simpsons-daring-dinner-wear-photo_n_2416441.html

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Thursday, 3 January 2013

Bid for New Gun Laws Lacks Focus (WSJ)

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Unlocking sorghum's gene bank

Jan. 3, 2013 ? Climate change poses a major challenge to humanity's ability to feed its growing population. But a new study of sorghum, led by Stephen Kresovich and Geoff Morris of the University of South Carolina, promises to make this crop an invaluable asset in facing that challenge. Just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the paper puts genetic tools into the hands of scientists and plant breeders to help accelerate their ability to adapt sorghum to new conditions.

A hardy cereal crop that was first domesticated in the Horn of Africa some 10,000 years ago, sorghum is now cultivated worldwide, from Texas to China. Sorghum is a particularly drought-tolerant grain and an essential part of the diet for 500 million people, chiefly in sub-Saharan Africa and India. In the U.S., where it is primarily grown for livestock feed, sorghum's climate resilience was highlighted during the devastating summer drought of 2012.

A large international effort decoded the genome of the species cultivated for food, Sorghum bicolor, which was published in the journal Nature in 2009. That genome represents the genetic accounting of a single individual of sorghum. But as individual humans have genetic differences that underlie physical differences such as eye color, so do individual plants of sorghum. The focus of the current effort was to establish the connections between gene differences and physical differences -- a detailed understanding of those connections will constitute a tremendous tool for plant breeders.

The team behind the current PNAS publication -- which also included researchers at Cornell University, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in India and Niger, the University of Illinois and the U.S. Department of Agriculture -- used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to determine the individual genetic makeup of 971 sorghum varieties taken from world-wide seed collections. The scientists identified more than a quarter million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); that is, single letters in the genetic code where individual variants of sorghum can differ.

The results were possible thanks to a tremendous genetic resource that was built over many years, and largely before genotyping was even technically possible. For almost a century, sorghum seeds from a variety of international locations have been stored in seed banks, with dates and geographic origins often noted with each sample.

"We're taking advantage of the incredible diversity found in the gene bank," said Morris, a research assistant professor at USC and lead author on the paper.

One subject of particular scrutiny in the paper was the genetic control of the panicle, the structure on the top of the plant that holds the grains. This structure is an important consideration for successful breeding, particularly when climate is a consideration. Closely packed grains, for example, are preferred for maximum crop yield in dry areas, but in places with abundant rainfall, more spacing is desirable to allow grains dry out more readily and reduce crop losses from moisture-caused disease.

The researchers identified genes that likely contribute to this physical feature, and they also mapped them geographically according to the source of the original seed. The result was insight into how different variants of the genes spread according to regional climates -- which varied widely in the study, from the edge of the Sahara to the rainy highlands of east Africa.

The results will "provide resources for everyone around the world who breeds sorghum," Morris said. "The goal is to do it faster than the way it's been done traditionally, which takes years of growing and crossing and testing."

That's particularly important because the semi-arid regions where sorghum is a staple food are predicted to be most adversely affected by climate change. Sorghum varieties that currently thrive there will have to be bred for new conditions, a time-consuming process. "The challenges facing agriculture are getting more severe, so the tools that we have for crop improvement have to keep pace," Morris said.

A further step forward will involve genomic selection, another collaborative effort planned for the coming year that will again involve Kresovich, the SmartState Endowed Chair of Genomics at USC and senior author on the PNAS paper. With that method, in which computers are used to select the most promising candidates to test in the field, "you might be able to take years off the breeding cycle," Morris said. "Instead of having to grow thousands of varieties, you test thousands of varieties 'in silico' and pick a few hundred of the best for growing the next generation."

The work was supported by the NSF under the Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development (BREAD) project (ID:IOS-0965342) and the USDA-NIFA Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program (#2011-03502).

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of South Carolina, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. G. P. Morris, P. Ramu, S. P. Deshpande, C. T. Hash, T. Shah, H. D. Upadhyaya, O. Riera-Lizarazu, P. J. Brown, C. B. Acharya, S. E. Mitchell, J. Harriman, J. C. Glaubitz, E. S. Buckler, S. Kresovich. Population genomic and genome-wide association studies of agroclimatic traits in sorghum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215985110

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/_umL58PfXc0/130103092016.htm

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